Undergraduate Course: Fluid Mechanics (Chemical) 4 (CHEE10004)

Course Outline
School	School of Engineering	College	College of Science and Engineering
Credit level (Normal year taken)	SCQF Level 10 (Year 4 Undergraduate)	Availability	Available to all students
SCQF Credits	10	ECTS Credits	5
Summary	This course builds on previous treatment of fluid mechanics in SCEE08003 Fluid Mechanics 2 and CHEE09013 Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer 3. It presents fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics as a basis for chemical engineering design. Simplifications which allow analytical solutions to the 3D Navier Stokes and continuity equations are explored, including low Reynolds number flows and inviscid, irrotational flow. The use of inviscid flow coupled with boundary layer theory to model high Re flows is presented, together with current ideas on the nature of turbulence, including turbulence spectra and decay of turbulence. Turbulence models are used to predict dispersion in mixed flows and free jets. Models for predicting pressure drops in two-phase, liquid-gas flows are discussed.
Course description	Lectures Lect 1: Basics of fluid mechanics, continuum mechanics, reference frames, coordinate systems Lect 2 & 3: Governing equations of flow: Continuity and Navier-Stokes equation Lect 4: Analytical solutions of simple flow problems Lect 5: Similarity, scaling and dynamic similarity in flows Lect 6: Fundamental properties of flows: Vorticity and circulation Lect 7: Fundamental properties of flows: Streamfunctions Lect 8: Fundamental properties of flows: Potential flow (Cauchy-Riemann analysis) Lect 9: Fundamental properties of flows: Drag and lift Lect 10: Boundary layer theory: Prandtl's boundary layer equations Lect 11: Boundary layer theory: von Kármán momentum integral momentum balance Lect 12: Turbulent flows: Basics, boundary layer transition and Reynold's averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) Lect 13: Turbulent flows: Turbulent channel flow example, closure laws, regions of boundary layer and laws of the wall Lect 14: Turbulent flows: Energy of turbulence and its decay Lect 15: Turbulent flows: The energy cascade, Kolmogorov's hypotheses and the lengthscale and energy spectra Lect 16: Turbulent flows applications: Free turbulent jets - self-study Lect 17: Turbulent flows applications: Mixing in stirred tanks - self-study Lect 18: Two-phase flows: Gas-liquid flow regimes in horizontal and vertical pipes Lect 19: Two-phase flows: Homogeneous and Separated flow models for two-phase flows Lect 20: Two-phase flows: Lockhart-Martinelli method for determining two-phase pressure drop Tutorials Tutorial 1: Introduction and crucial basics (based on Fluids 2 and HMMT 3) Tutorial 2a: Governing equations of flow: Analytical solutions Tutorial 2b: Governing equations of flow: Dynamic similitude, strain rate tensor and vorticity Tutorial 2c: Governing equations of flow: Streamfunctions, velocity potentials, drag and lift Tutorial 3: Boundary layer theory Tutorial 4a: Turbulent flows: Reynolds averaging, closure relations and laws of the wall Tutorial 4b: Turbulent flows: Grid turbulence and decay to Kolmogorov length scales Tutorial 4c: Turbulent flows: Laws of the wall and free turbulent jets Tutorial 5: Mixing in stirred tanks and two-phase flows

Entry Requirements (not applicable to Visiting Students)
Pre-requisites	Students MUST have passed: Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer 3 (CHEE09013)	Co-requisites
Prohibited Combinations		Other requirements	None
Additional Costs	None

Information for Visiting Students
Pre-requisites	None
High Demand Course?	Yes

Course Delivery Information

Academic year 2015/16, Available to all students (SV1)		Quota: None
Course Start	Semester 1
Timetable	Timetable
Learning and Teaching activities (Further Info)	Total Hours: 100 ( Lecture Hours 22, Seminar/Tutorial Hours 33, Formative Assessment Hours 1, Summative Assessment Hours 2, Programme Level Learning and Teaching Hours 2, Directed Learning and Independent Learning Hours 40 )
Assessment (Further Info)	Written Exam 100 %, Coursework 0 %, Practical Exam 0 %
Additional Information (Assessment)	Two hour written examination at the end of the academic year (100%). For Semester 1 Visiting Students only, 100% coursework.
Feedback	Not entered
Exam Information
Exam Diet	Paper Name		Hours & Minutes
Main Exam Diet S2 (April/May)			2:00
Resit Exam Diet (August)			2:00

Academic year 2015/16, Part-year visiting students only (VV1)		Quota: None
Course Start	Semester 1
Timetable	Timetable
Learning and Teaching activities (Further Info)	Total Hours: 100 ( Lecture Hours 20, Seminar/Tutorial Hours 20, Formative Assessment Hours 1, Summative Assessment Hours 10, Programme Level Learning and Teaching Hours 2, Directed Learning and Independent Learning Hours 47 )
Assessment (Further Info)	Written Exam 0 %, Coursework 100 %, Practical Exam 0 %
Additional Information (Assessment)	Two hour written examination at the end of the academic year (100%). For Semester 1 Visiting Students only, 100% coursework.
Feedback	Not entered
No Exam Information

Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of the course, students should be able: a) to demonstrate an understanding of the relevance of each of the terms in the Navier Stokes Equations and to simplify the equations on the basis of a given flow geometry and Reynolds number. By choosing appropriate boundary conditions, they should be able to solve such simplified equations or set up the equations for solution. b)to define and make use of the Velocity Potential (phi) and Stream Function (psi) for the solution of Euler's Equation of inviscid flow. They should be able to decide whether phi or psi will exist for a given flow. c) to describe some of the effects of turbulence, to discuss theories put forward to render turbulence amenable to analysis and to use dimensional analysis along with physical constraints to analyse and predict the decay of turbulence energy. They should appreciate that turbulent motion has associated with it a spectrum of energies and frequencies. They should be able to estimate Prandtl's mixing length, based on the mean velocity profile and measurements of turbulence intensity and to determine the Kolmogorrof length and velocity scales. They should be able to comment on the relevance of these scales of turbulence in relation to fluid mixing operations, such as that occurring in stirred tanks or free turbulent jets. d) to describe the range of flow regimes encountered in gas-liquid flows and should understand the basis of homogeneous and separated flow models for predicting pressure drops in gas-liquid flows.

Reading List
1. Tritton D.J. Physical Fluid Dynamics Clarendon Press, Oxford. 2nd ed 1988. 2. Welty, Wicks & Wilson, Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat and Mass transfer, Wiley 1984. 3. Fox, McDonald & Pritchard, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Wiley 6th ed 2004. 4. Holland F.A. and Bragg R, Fluid Flow for Chemical Engineers, Edward Arnold 2nd ed. 1995. 5. Bird, Stewart and Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, Wiley 1960. 6. Advanced Mechanics of Fluids, Rouse H (Wiley 1959). 7. Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Processes, Kay J.M. and Nedderman R.M, (C.U.P. 1985). 8. Essentials of Fluid Dynamics, Prandtl L. (Blackie & Son 1952). 9. Boundary Layer Theory, Schlichting H. (McGraw Hill 6th ed 1968). 10. Turbulence Phenomena, Davies J.T. (Acad. Press). 11. Turbulence, Hinze J.O. (McGraw Hill 2nd ed). 12. Turbulence (Classical Papers on Statistical Theory), Friedlander S.K (New York Interscience). 13. The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, Townsend A.A. (C.U.P.) 14. Mixing in the Process Industries, Harnby, Edwards and Nienow (Butterworths 1991). 15. Multimedia Fluid Mechanics DVD-ROM, 2nd Edition, Edited by G. M. Homsy, (C.U.P.) 16. Mass transfer operations, Treybal (McGraw Hill). 17. Understanding fluid flow, Gray Worster (CUP) 18. Flow regimes, Hewitt, Chapter 2 in Handbook of Multiphase Systems (Hemisphere - out of print) 19. One-dimensional two-phase flow, Wallis (McGraw Hill) 20. Computational methods for fluid dynamics, JH Ferziger and M Peric (Springer)