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Supercoiling in DNA and Chromatin (U00691)

? Credit Points : 10 ? SCQF Level : 10 ? Acronym : BIO-4-BIchrom

In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, DNA is constrained into topologically sealed loops or domains. Under these circumstances DNA can become overtwisted or undertwisted (supercoiled) as a consequence of the binding of structural proteins or the actions of particular enzymes or enzyme complexes. Supercoiling can have profound effects on DNA structure, protein-DNA interactions, primary functions such as transcription and the regulation of the structural organisation of the genome during the cell cycle through the control of chromatin condensation. In this topic we shall consider how to describe the supercoiled state, the techniques available for measuring levels of supercoiling, the mechanisms by which the condition is regulated and the effects it has upon biological functions, particularly at the chromatin level in higher eukaryotes.